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Mycorrhizal colonization and nutrition of wheat and sweet corn grown in manure-treated and untreated topsoil and subsoil

Tarkalson, David D. and Jolley, Von D. and Robbins, Charles W. and Terry, Richard E. (1998) Mycorrhizal colonization and nutrition of wheat and sweet corn grown in manure-treated and untreated topsoil and subsoil. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 21(9):1985-1999.

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Abstract

Dry bean yields (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were raised to similar levels as the
topsoil by manure application to eroded or leveled Portneuf silt loam soil
(coarse-silty mixed mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid). Only soil organic matter
and zinc (Zn) content of leaf tissue were correlated with improved yields.
Manure application increased mycorrhizal colonization and Zn uptake in pot
experiments with dry bean which would explain the increased yields in the
field. A field study was conducted to see if similar effects of manure and
mycorrhizal colonization could be observed in field grown spring wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.). This study was conducted on
existing experiments established in the spring of 1991 at the USDA-ARS farm
in Kimberly, Idaho, to study crop rotation/organic matter amendment treatments
on exposed subsoils and focused on mycorrhizal colonization as related to
topsoils and subsoils treated with conventional fertilizer (untreated) or dairy
manure. Mycorrhizal root colonization was higher with untreated than with
manure-treated-wheat and sweet corn. Root colonization was also higher in
subsoil than in topsoil for wheat, but there were no differences between soils
for sweet corn. Shoot Zn and manganese (Mn) concentrations generally
increased with increased root colonization for both species (except between
soils with corn Mn contents). Wheat shoot potassium (K) concentration was
increased by manure application, but the affect declined with time, was the
opposite of colonization and was not observed with sweet corn. Phosphorus
(P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) concentrations
either were not influenced or were erratically affected by mycorrhizal
colonization. Yields of wheat were highest for manure-treated subsoil and
topsoil compared to untreated soils. Mycorrhizal colonization was different
between conventional and manure-treated soils and between topsoil and
subsoil and these differences increased Zn and Mn uptake, but they did not
explain the improvement in wheat yields obtained with manure application.

Item Type: Article
NWISRL Publication Number: 0964
Subjects: Irrigated crops > Corn / maize
Irrigated crops > Small grain
Manure > Application guidelines > Corn
Manure > Application guidelines > Small grains
Mass Import - autoclassified (may be erroneous)
Depositing User: Dan Stieneke
Date Deposited: 20 Nov 2010 21:54
Last Modified: 18 Nov 2016 16:31
Item ID: 695
URI: https://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/id/eprint/695