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	dc:title "HTML Summary of #473 \n\nEnergy Dissipation in Low Pressure Irrigation Pipelines. I. Butterfly Valves and Discs\n\n";
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	bibo:abstract "EROSION caused by water discharged from gated\npipe openings can be reduced by dissipating excess\nenergy with orifices placed in the gated pipe couplings.\nLaboratory tests were conducted to determine graphical\nrelationships and coefficients for estimating the head loss\nfor orifices made from galvanized sheet metal. The loss\ncoefficient, Ko, is a function of the orifice-to-pipe\ndiameter ratio, ?o, and can be expressed by an equation\nof the form Ko = a?bo where a and b are empirical\nconstants determined from the tests. Comparisons made\nbetween machined, square edge orifices commonly used\nfor flow measurement, and those made in sheet metal\nshops for irrigation showed that the irrigation orifices\nhave a higher discharge coefficient and a lower head loss\ncoefficient than do the square edge orifices. Square edge\norifices placed in irrigation pipe couplings behaved\nsimilarly to those for flow measurement, particularly in\nthe mid and lower ranges of the diameter ratio, ?o.\n\nThe head loss ratio, R, as defined by the ASME (1959)\nis the same for, (a) square edge orifices used for flow\nmeasurement, (b) square edge orifices installed in\naluminum irrigation pipeline joint couplings, and (c)\nsheet metal orifices made for irrigation installed in pipe\ncouplings. The ratio can be represented by the equation\nR=1-0.9 ?o 1.7."^^xsd:string;
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